Business Case Study Design Seminar - 1913 Words

BUSI 780 Business Case Study Design Seminar Applied Learning Solutions, LLC: A Question of Business Strategy Alan W. Stanfield May 8, 2016 Respectfully submitted to: Dr. Kim Anthony Liberty University Applied Learning Solutions, LLC: A Question of Business Strategy Introduction This case discusses the business strategy for Applied Learning Solutions, LLC which is an educational trainer manufacturer located in Georgia. The company manufactures educational trainers used to train electrical students in both technical high school classes and technical college environments. Applied Learning Solutions, LLC supplies engineering, design, and manufacturing of training equipment for Educational Systems, Inc, a distributor in Texas.†¦show more content†¦However, along with aligning this mission with strategy comes the added cost of incorporating industry components which are a premium price over the conventional educational components used by competitors. Background Applied Learning Solutions, LLC produces four different models which include the CWT100, CWT200, CWT300, and the CWT300 Plus. The CWT300 model makes up 75% of the models manufactured and is sold to the distributor for $7,500 per unit. The distributor then adds $5,000 to the cost of the unit for a total sale price of $12,500. The added cost is to cover advertising, sales staff, customer support, and provides a profit margin for the distributor. Additionally, a shipping charge is added to the price of the unit which is typically around $500 per unit. If Applied Learning Solutions, LLC provides the shipping service, then the additional $500 is added to the invoice and an employee of Applied Learning Solutions, LLC delivers the unit to the customer which provides additional income for the company. However, shipments of the units are sometimes coordinated through commercial truck lines in which the trucking company collects the shipping charge. The decision to ship through Applied Learnin g Solutions, LLC or via a trucking company usually is determined by the distance of travel and the number of units being delivered. The productionShow MoreRelatedEssay about SM0381 Hong Kong Student Seminar Five B1175 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Seminar Five Seminar Objectives Students will: Stay in the seminar debating teams. See some more news stories that have ethical dimensions. Discuss in teams the same case study that was introduced in Seminar One. Preserve these notes for comparison with their analysis of the same ethical dilemma at the beginning of the module. Take personal journal notes of their revised impressions and feelings about the case. Preparation for Seminar NB: Make sure that you attend the seminar with a print outRead MoreAmerican Apparel Case Study1139 Words   |  5 PagesSeminar Preparation Assignment Question 1. 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As Cody Fixer started inspecting and understanding the work culture of the company, he figured out there were lots of problem in the marketing, manufacturing, plants and equipment and product designing area. They have been facing problems with new filling equipment’s and the rate at which the products are being produced is 50% of standard, about 14 cases per shift that caught halfway

Should Congress Raise The Minimum Wage - 721 Words

Kyle Ting Prof. John Somers Econ 201 10 February 2017 Article Summary 1 Should Congress Raise the Minimum Wage Many states, including Oregon, has been considering a raise in the minimum wage. A raise of the minimum wage can cause job cuts or raise in product prices, but a rising number of economist have come to the conclusion that there is quite a considerable room of raise that cities can do without affecting the unemployment rate. Raising the minimum wage can ease the lives of many people. It can even cause an economic stimulus, where people would have an increase in consumer surplus, causing them to spend it on things that they wouldn’t naturally spend on if they didn’t have any type of monetary surplus. This can cause the economy to†¦show more content†¦It is very important to look beyond the workers that will be affected directly by raise of the minimum wage. Instead, look how it affects every single group in the work force. Rise and Fall of Oil Prices Oil is the product that each and every one of us use. It can be used for fuel, heating and even cooking. The most often known for unstable price is crude oil or gasoline. According to the The Economist, The main reason for price shifts of oil is oversupply. The oil production in Saudi rose 10.3 million barrels per day. This increase is the effect of a new method that I being applied to oil extraction. This method is called fracking, fracking is where they drill into tight-rock formations then gradually turning horizontal for several thousand feet more. This results to accommodations to multiple oil wells. This new approved method of oil harvesting has raised the productivity gains and reduced the cost of harvesting oil. The reason of the fall in oil prices are the constant change of demand. The need for the oil is actually stagnant. Crude oil is becoming a product of the past. Today, you can harvest energy from solar, wind, water, heat, and waves. Accordin g to The Economist, â€Å"The use of fossil fuels in the rich world is mostly falling. Emerging economies are not currently taking up the slack†. Demand for energy is intertwined with our economic activity. Prices spike in the winter in the northernShow MoreRelatedCongress Should Raise The Federal Minimum Wage1042 Words   |  5 PagesMany Americans agree that Congress should raise the federal minimum wage, but do individuals truly know the effects of increasing the minimum wage to $15? Some people only look at the comprehensive view of seeking a higher salary, but the increase can cause many negative, as well as positive, effects. Several economists from across the country have done extensive research over the topic of the minimum wage increase, and many differing opinions have formed. The effects can vary from person to personRead MoreEssay Should Congress Raise Minimum Wage?614 Words   |  3 PagesShould Congress Raise Minimum Wage? As our federal government debates the idea to raise the minimum wage, there are several interesting questions that occur. Most importantly, should we raise the minimum wage? I believe it is a bad idea to raise the minimum wage from $7.25 per hour up to $10.10 or more in a short period of time. I will explain why raising minimum wage radically would kill jobs and hurt our economy. The main reason raising the minimum wage radically would kill the economy is theRead MoreFederal Minimum Wage Should Be Increased1180 Words   |  5 Pagesto come to conclusions that the federal minimum wage is excessively low. The government can stand to help people gain more money, resulting in a less poverty-stricken country. The cost of living or gaining has increased significantly over the past twenty years, and the minimum wage, for most isn t enough for them to support themselves. There have been efforts to increase the federal minimum wage, but none has succeeded in getting approved. Minimum wages are too low for a human, to provide forRead MoreCongress As Part Of The Fair Labor Standards Act1084 Words   |  5 PagesCongress as part of the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) instituted minimum wage back in 1938. The first minimum wage was at $0.25 per hour and the last minimum wage increase occurred in 2007. Over the past 65 years the minimum wage has varied considerably in inflation-adjusted buying power. It has averaged $6.60 an hour in purchasing power in 2013 dollars, but it has ranged from a low of $3.09 an hour in late 1948 to a high of $8.67 an hour in 1968. Today’s minimum wage buys somewhat more than theRead MoreWhy we should raise the minimum wage1202 Words   |  5 Pagesworked on minimum wages are struggling to live on a salary that is below the poverty threshold. In 2012, the U.S census posted that in a family of three; their income is 18,552, (U.S Census). 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If you said yes then perhaps you are unaware of the many negative effects surrounding a higher minimum wage and after reading this you will be educated on why the minimum wage should not be raised. In the beginning, the minimum wage was created with good intentions. It was originally established in 1938 and was $.25 an hour (Sessions). It was created to make sure that businesses would not take advantage over workers. While the minimum wage was and still is a goodRead MoreThe Debate Over Minimum Wage940 Words   |  4 Pages The debate on raising the minimum wage has been discussed in detail in Congress for the past eighteen months. But as of late, writer William Finnegan suggests, it is â€Å"among the many urgent issues that it [Congress] certainly won’t address.† Though this issue is important, Congress seems to be putting off making any real decision in regards to raising the minimum wage. The bill to raise minimum wage from $7.25 per hour to $10.10 and hour over a two year period had been thrown around for monthsRead MoreMinimum Wage and Its Implications763 Words   |  3 PagesMinimum wage affects everyone. The current minimum wage is at $7.25 and President Obama announced that he wished to see a change in the minimum wage, he wants to raise the hourly wage to $10.10. A rise in the income of those who are employed will also raise the cost of hiring unskilled labor and can potentially reduce the number of people hired by businesses. Also, if minimum wage is raised then the price of the products that the companies are making might increase which will continue the cycle ofRead MoreMinimum Wage Should Be Legal1156 Words   |  5 PagesIn United States, we hear the government, businesses argued about minimum wage. Whether it should be raised or leave it the way it is. But, what exactly is minimum wages? Minimum wage is the least amount of money per hour that must be paid to a worker after surrounding a service according to the law. Many working class families’ lives depend on this minimum wages. There are few families who make less than $15000 a year who feed their families on this salary and still pay bills from it. Over the past

Buyer Behaviour Concepts Famous Fashion Brands

Question: Discuss about the Buyer Behaviour Concepts for Famous Fashion Brands. Answer: Introduction One of the more famous fashion brands, ZARA which is a Spanish retail giant confirmed that it will open its first store Down Under in the year, 2011. The store was 1830m2 concept store in the world class retail precinct of $1.2M. Zara needed to understand that customer base is different in different Geo-locations and same psychologies and concepts cannot be used for same set of customers across the globe. Here, in the next section we will talk about these concepts and models of customer psychologies (Mall, 2014). Impact of groups, lifestyle, social class and culture on the behaviours of a buyers potential The buying potential of customers is governed by several factors and some of the major factors are cultural factors, sub-cultural factors, social classes, cultural trends, social factors, family, social roles and statuses, personal factors such as way of life and age, purchasing power and revenue, psychological factors such as motivation, perception, beliefs, attitudes. Hence, it can be seen that not one but many factors play a vital role in deciding the buyers potential. Let us discuss these in detail (Mckinzie, 2016):- Cultural factors Culture and societal environment- Culture plays a vital role in understanding the needs of customer in an area. Throughout his/her lifespan the customer will get influenced by their friends, family, cultural setting or society which teaches those values, preferences ad some of the common behaviours for their culture. Sub-cultures- There are a lot of sub-cultures within a society and typically they are sects of people sharing same set of values which are based upon similar lifestyle and experiences. Social classes- Social classes are the groups which are more or less homogeneous ad ranked next to one another as per the social hierarchy. People belonging to different social classes have different sets of requirements and desires and have disparities which are a result of difference in purchasing power. Cultural trends- These are the trends which are followed by people in a culture and these trends get amplified with popularity and with conformity or compliance along with the social pressure and reputation which is required to be maintained. EXAMPLE- the different clothing companies, always according to their target market decide the prices and designs of their collection. There is always a difference in the stock marketed in two different countries or places. A textile company and their designers arrange for a different set of collection in India whereas in the African subcontinent, they make sure to release another set of collection according to the cultures, target market and sale benefits. Social factors Family- family is one of the most influential factors in governing an individuals choice. A family forms the environment wherein an individual shapes his personality, evolves and acquires different values. Along with other set of qualities, an individual also forms his consumer habits, his knowledge and view for different brands and the product they buy as per their familys values. Social status and roles- The position of an individual at his workplace family, group of friends and several other places make up his social status and role. A social role is something which an individual ought to have or embed in his nature because of his position at work and profession, family position and as per expectations of people surrounding them. Personal factors Way of life and age- The age plays an important factor in swaying the choices of an individual and a person will not have keen interest in particular brand and type right from the age of 20 till 70 years. For eg. With regards to diet an individual has a diet full of unhealthy products which gets transformed into healthier food options after marriage and in family life. The choosing factor can be said to play a vital role at the age of 25 then at the age of 65 which means that even this interest and choice is not fixed and more then that the intensity is also different for different ages. Purchasing power and revenue- The purchasing power or say job of a person also plays a vital role in deciding a particular brand. A lower middle class person will not search for ZARA or LOUIS VETTON rather he will search for discounted brands or average brands which fulfil his minimal requirements. Hence, revenue and purchasing power have a major role to lay in deciding the choosing capacity of an individual. EXAMPLE- The simple market of utilities is almost affected by the social factors. For example, if most of the people in a joint family go for toothpaste a then they mostly recommend for the same to other members of the family and even the society. Marketing of Items like toothpastes, soaps, eatables etc is mostly moved and guided by the social factors. Even textile items, mobile phones market can be moved by the basis of social factors, people and purchasing power of the society. Psychological factors Motivation- We can also term it as the intensity of need for a particular product in an individual. For increasing sales, companies ought to develop and create consciousness or reinforce the need of a particular product. Learning Perception Beliefs and attitudes EXAMPLE- Each individual is guided by his/her own psychological thinkings and thoughts. If a person prefers to wear clothes from ZARA then he might now feel comfortable in buying his clothes from any other company. This happens when the people are not flexible with the materials and brands. Sometimes, an individual trusts a single brand and prefers o give first priority to the same. This automatically affects marketing of the industries. Some positive and negative beliefs for certain companies by an individual can make a change. Rigidity towards one special product or brand effects market on a larger scale. Conclusion Hence, it can be concluded that ZARA needs to keep in mind a lot of factors before targeting its customer in Australia. ZARA has a very good chance to attract the creamy layer of Australian society which will create pressure on lower social classes to follow the trend and in the end ZARA will be the one benefiting from this outbreak of trend. ZARA should focus on reinforcing the need of these products in the customers mind and motivate them to purchase. References Mall, P. S. (2014, October 19). Zara | SYDNEY, new south wales, Australia. Retrieved September 10, 2016, from https://www.pittstreetmall.com.au/shop/zara.html Mckinzie, J. (2016, November 28). The 4 factors influencing consumer behavior. Retrieved September 10, 2016, from https://googleweblight.com/?lite_url=https://theconsumerfactor.com/en/4-factors-influencing-consumer-behavior/ei=ta-TT4Bflc=en-INs=1m=411host=www.google.co.ints=1473473021sig=AKOVD659ekGigQpTykXTOZxl94obCiTRfw

The Use of Recycled Materials in Highway Construction an Example of the Topic Science and Technology Essays by

The Use of Recycled Materials in Highway Construction Introduction Today's world is faced with various emerging and challenging issues such as acceleration of world population which is increasingly facilitating the amounts and types of wastes generation during the production and consumption processes. There has been waste disposal crisis globally due to creation of non degradable or non decaying wastes, attributed to the growing consumer behavior. In response to this challenge, one of the solutions is the process of recycling the wastes into more useful products through research and innovation practices. Need essay sample on "The Use of Recycled Materials in Highway Construction" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This has brainstormed individuals, private organizations and highway agencies to develop and implement wastes application through analyzing the feasibility, performance, and environmental suitability of reuse of the wastes and more so in highway construction. Highway construction is an expansive project but use of waste products in this industry makes the undertaking a cost-effective process, thereby ensuring safe and economic use of waste materials (Horan, Gifford, 2001, 9). Commonly used recycled materials One of the waste materials widely used in highway construction is recycled plastics. Virgin polythene is used as an additive or component to asphalt concrete and asphalt cement additive. When sandwich bags and plastic trash are recycled, a recycled low density polyethylene resin is obtained that is used to manufacture both cement and concrete asphalts in form of pallets. Recycled plastic can also be used in the manufactured of Portland cement concrete through use of recycled high density polyethylene which replaces fine aggregate with light weight concrete. After application of these recycled plastics in the construction process, flexural toughness of the concrete increase, compressive strengths are maintained and impact resistance of the concrete improves generally. Guardrail, a product of recycled wood and plastics has been brought forth to replace block in construction of guardrail posts. This facility is cheaper compared to the use of conventional block materials. The end product is also of high quality because they increase resistance against damage and deterioration, thus achieving reduction in overall life cycle cost. Noise pollution has also emerged in the processes of production around the globe, causing health, brain and social problems. To evade this, noise walls made from recycled rubber and plastics have been developed. The shell of the wall is made of thermosetting, a byproduct of glass and polyester. The fill section of the wall is composed of ground, rubber tires and recycled plastics (Tibbets, 2002, 12). In the developed and industrialized nations, glass is one of the waste products released in high quantities. It is later recycled to cullet, a component in the glass manufacturing industry. In the construction field, glass can be used as an aggregate in the asphalt pavements or asphalt base courses which satisfactorily serve the normal conventional pavement functions. Glass cullet has been approved for characteristics such as permeability, gradation, compaction, durability, specific gravity, thermal conductivity, and their strength and workability as an aggregate in the construction processes. In addition, recycled glass is being used in the manufacture of glass beads which are used as traffic control devices (Tibbets, 2002, 14). According to Carpenter (2001, 19), "the combustion process is common and widely used in production and in the day to day activities. This happens mostly during coal combustion which releases wastes like fly ash, bottom ash and combined ash. Among other residues, ash is produced, especially when municipal solid wastes are burnt or depending on the type of coal burnt". This ash is characterized by different physical and chemical aspects of toxicity and leaching ability. When coal containing sulfur is burnt, sulfur dioxide is released. This calls for use of scrubbers to reduce the amount of sulfur dioxide used. Bottom ash or slag is larger with heavier particles that are found at the bottom of hopper after the combustion process, and complies with environmental standards of toxicity. Bottom ash has sufficient engineering properties and uses. It has been used as aggregate for light weight concrete, sandblasting abrasive and as an abrasive in pavement deicing products and materials. Combined ash is the product of mixing both fly and bottom ashes, which are placed in landfills. Depending on the type of plant and coal source, it physically includes gradation, specific gravity and loss on ignition. Combined ash is used as partial fine aggregate replacement in the asphalt concrete mixes. Fly ash contains higher percentage of heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, leachate and other acidic components. In highway construction, incinerator residue is used as a partial aggregate substitute in the asphalt concrete base course. The performance of the substitute is equal to the conventional asphalt pavements (Carpenter, 2001, 21). Ash can also be used in stabilized and unstabilized bases and sub-bases as an aggregate, because the original components are aluminium oxide, iron oxide, calcium oxide and silicon oxide. In the process of highway construction, coal fly ash can be used as mineral admixture to Portland cement concrete, road base stabilization, roller compacted concrete and soil stabilization. Ponded fly ash has also performed well as a component in stabilized aggregate base course. This kind of ash is first sluiced into a disposal pond. Tests have shown that this experimental mix outperforms conventional mix and the rutting rate is significantly lower. Results from the various applications show that cement-treated ash produce higher density and compressive strengths compared to conventional soil cement. Leaching tests upon cement-treated ash have shown compatible and accommodative levels of cadmium, lead and copper that meet legal drinking water specifications of various agencies (Foster, 2008, 13). Highway related applications show a wide use of crumb rubber modified asphalt, which has good performance and environmentally friendly. Recycled rubber tires in combination with recycled plastics are recently being employed in making of noise walls' lightweight fill, channel slope protection, sub grade insulation and as an additive to the Portland cement concrete pavement. Ground scrap tires are also used in manufacturing Portland cement concrete. This happens when scrap tires are processed by removing the loose steel and fibers, which are finally ground. The ground rubber then acts as a substitute for fine aggregate. However, when high amount of rubber is used, the flexural and compressive strengths decrease. Gravel surfaced roads in most times experience severe deterioration in seasons of spring thawing because of frost penetration from beneath. To counteract this scenario, tire chips have acted as effective insulation layers against the frost. Its performance has been approved by use of resistivity gauges, groundwater monitoring wells, weather station and thermocouples. Recycled tires can also be used to make blocks for constructing retaining walls and landscaping. Through recent technology, scrap tires can be converted into a form for making stakes or poles. The tires are split and flattened, rolled in a spiral fashion and finally form almost solid log of reinforced rubber material (Foster, 2008, 15). Carpet industries around the world also produce carpet waste fibers. These fiber wastes have been incorporated in the manufacture of alphalt pavements and Portland cement concrete. Recycled fibers obtained from old carpets can also be used for concrete reinforcement, when the fibers are mixed with concrete in standard drum mixer. Flexural and compressive strengths comparison between concrete free of fibers and concrete with a percentage of virgin polypropylene fibers indicate good appreciable effects markedly handle the issue of compressive strengths. The toughness indices indicate that the more the amount of carpet used, the higher the concretes energy absorption abilities. On this same field, waste nylon fibers can be used to reduce the level of plastic shrinkage cracking. This is performed when the fibers are packed in water soluble bags and latter added to fresh concrete in the time of mixing. There is no observed or suggested difference from the conventional concrete with reference to flexural and compressive strengths. Increased addition of nylon fibers into Portland cement concrete panels proportionately reduces the plastic shrinkage and heating. This is because when nylon fiber is used in construction and heating panels, the rate of radiation increases and thus helps in prevention of cracking. Recycled fibers have also been proved to be increase efficiency when used in dense graded asphalt mix and polymer modified. Tests made on these include resilient modulus test, indirect tensile strain, lottman stripping tests and indirect tensile stress. According to these tests, there is no appreciable deviation from the performance of commercially available fibers. In the real application, addition of asphalt is primarily required to coat the surface area of those fibers compared to the thickness of the fiber films (Allen, 1998, 10). Another waste known as roofing shingle waste can be used in the make of asphalt pavements. When they are added to dense graded mixes, they result to a reduction in optimum content of neat binder, develop and enhance the ability to densify under compaction, increasing the component of plastic strain in permanent deformation measurements. It also reduced cold tensile strengths, of which the impact was determined by the type of shingle waste and grade of asphalt cement. However addition of more roofing shingle wastes reduced the potentiality for thermal tracking. The same material can be used in stone matrix asphalt mixes, which results to an admirable content of neat binder content. Shingles are ground uniformly to resemble coffee grounds and then added to drum mix plant to undergo a recycling process for the construction of asphalt pavement. So far, no pavement construction performance has been reported or detected since the recycling process commissioned. Old roofing material is also applied when making asphalt cold patch, which lasts three months more than the conventional cold patch material (Allen, 1998, 22). Flue gas desulphurization waste is another common waste. In the highway construction network, it is used in stabilized road bases to act as an embankment and pavement material. It is trusted to make dry weight of great early strength and high sulfate resistant Portland cement. So far, there is no any evidence of physical deterioration associated with the use of the waste as waste embankment. According to current researches, some materials have been categorized to compose the best set of wastes to use in highway construction. Such materials include rubber tires, recycled plastics, roofing shingle wastes, glass, carpet fibers, municipal solid waste combustion ash, blast furnace, steel slags, coal ash byproducts, fly ash, FGD waste and bottom ash (Horan, Gifford, 2001, 11). In larger part of the world, there is an increasing concern on the public, federal government, state regulators and industries to explore, invent and develop the use of recycled materials in the highway environment. Although this is an historical process, it is still new in the developing countries. The use, management and regulation of recycled materials is usually jurisdictional, a role attached to state transport and environment agencies. Most of the by-product materials are generated in the transport sector, municipal sector, industrial sector and mining sector. The wastes released from the transport sector include reclaimed asphalt and Portland cement concrete pavements, street sweepings, dredge materials and excess fill. Materials from industrial sector include blast furnace slag, nonferrous slags (phosphate, copper, and zinc), steel slag, coal combustion residues (fly ash, boiler slag, bottom slag, and flue gas desulphurization wastes), kiln dusts (lime-kiln and cement), baghouse dusts (smelters and asphalt plants), slags and foundry sands. Materials from municipal sector include biosolids, scrap tires, waste glass, wood waste, roofing shingle scrap, wastewater sludge ash, petroleum contaminated soils, municipal solid waste combustor residues, demolition and construction debris. Materials from the mining sector include quarry waste, mill tailings and phosphogypsum. These materials are used to replace conventional ones in fabrication of highway appurtenances like guardrails, signs and bridges, used as substitutes for pavement structure, as supplementary and aggregates cementitious materials especially in asphalt and Portland cement concrete, stabilized base and subbase or granular, fill, landscaping materials and as substitute embankment (Tibbets, 2002, 16). Mining industry generates high amounts of by-product materials, inaccessibility of mining operations with respect to the major metropolitan zones where demand for highway construction is high and there exist deficiency. This fact limits the potentiality of using large amounts of these resources widely. Conclusion In conclusion, the world faces and will continue to face environmental conservation problems due to cultural, economic, social and political diversity. The aspect of cooperative advantage is driving environmental conditions far from the safe side because countries are utilizing the available resources ignoring chances of possible harm to the rest of the world. The changing consumer behaviors and competition is calling for hi-tech production means, thus employment of production means which are harmful to the atmosphere. The problem has not been the emissions, but the disposal mechanisms. Existing landfills are filling up. One solution to this mayhem is to develop and implement beneficial uses for the residues. Highway construction uses great amounts of diverse wastes. Emphasized use of residue byproducts in lieu of virgin materials relieves disposal burden and avail inexpensive and advantageous construction products. Most of the waste materials used in the highway construction have limited applications in other fields to an extend that only such constructions can utilize those particular wastes. Again, most of them are non degradable and non-decaying such that they are very harmful to the environment and accumulation of such can extend adverse impacts upon the lives of individuals (Carpenter, 2001, 27). Therefore, use of recycled materials in highway construction should be imposed and implemented by all nations to contain the wastes disposal crisis threatening the world. Work Cited Allen Hershkowitz. In Defense of Recycling. Social Research, Vol.65, 1998, pp.10, 22 Carpenter Titus. Environment, Construction and Sustainable Development- Vo.1. New York, John Wiley and Sons, 2001, pp.19, 21, 27 Foster Mark. Looking beyond the Highway: Dixie Roads and Culture. Journal of Southern History, Vol.74, 2008, pp.13, 15 Horan Thomas & Gifford Jonathan. New Dimensions in Infrastructure Evaluation: The Case of Non-Technical Issues in Intelligent Vehicle-Highway Systems. Policy Studies Journal, Vol.21, 2001, pp.9, 11 Tibbets John. Under Construction: Building a Safer Industry. Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol.110, 2002, pp.12, 14, 16